Malformations fœtales diagnostiquées à l'échographie obstétricale au CHU de Bouaké: à propos de 43 cas (Côte d'Ivoire) / Fetal Malformations diagnosed by Obstetrical Ultrasound at the University Hospital of Bouake : 43 cases reported (Cote d'Ivoire)

L'échographie obstétricale est l'examen de référence dans l'étude et le suivi des malformations fœtales que sont des anomalies morphologiques et fonctionnelles congénitales. L'objectif était de déterminer la fréquence et les types de malformations fœtales diagnostiquées à l'échographie obstétricale à Bouaké. Méthodes. Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale rétrospective descriptive de 2010 à 2019 au centre hospitalier et universitaire (CHU) de Bouaké. Ont été incluses dans l'étude, toutes les femmes enceintes ayant présenté au moins une malformation fœtale au cours de la grossesse. Les variables étudiées étaient : l'âge de la mère, l'âge gestationnel, le sexe du fœtus et les caractéristiques échographiques des malformations fœtales retrouvées. L'analyse statistique s'est faite à l'aide des tests de Khi2 et de Fisher au seuil de signifi cativité situé à 5% (P<005). Résultats : Les malformations fœtales représentaient 43 cas sur 11879 échographies obstétricales soit une prévalence de 0,36%. L'âge moyen des gestantes était de 40,23 ± 6,34 ans avec des extrêmes de 16 et 43 ans. Les malformations fœtales découvertes au troisième trimestre représentaient 67,44% des cas. Les anomalies malformatives prédominaient sur les fœtus de sexe masculin avec 62,8%. Les anomalies du système nerveux central (SNC) étaient les plus représentées avec 51,16 % suivies des anomalies uro-génitales (30,23 %). L'hydrocéphalie était la principale malformation du SNC avec 63,63% des cas. L'hydronéphrose représentait 76,93% des anomalies uro-génitales et l'omphalocèle était la malformation abdominale la plus représentée avec 60% des cas. Conclusion: L'échographie obstétricale occupe une place incontournable dans le dépistage, le suivi et la prise en charge des malformations fœtales

Maternal age and miscarriage: A unique association curve in Sudan

This study's aim was to estimate the prevalence and maternal age and other risk factors of miscarriage among Sudanese women. Across-sectional study was conducted at the Saad Abuelela Tertiary Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan, from February to December 2019. Sociodemographic, obstetric and clinical data were collected. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Four hundred thirteen (20.5%) women reported experiencing a miscarriage. Risk factors included older age, high parity, histories of caesarean delivery, and obesity. Logistic regression showed that the lowest risk for women aged less than 20 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.33) or 20 to 24 years (AOR, 0.57), primiparas (AOR, 0.42) and women educated below the secondary level (AOR, 0.78). Unlike the global age-associated risk of miscarriage, the risk of miscarriage among Sudanese women follows a unique curve in relation to maternal age. Interestingly, the curve showed a lower risk for women less than 20 years and at 40 years. (Afr J Reprod Health 2022; 26 [7]: 15-21).

The effects of maternal age and parity on the birth weight of newborns among mothers with singleton pregnancies and at term deliveries

Background: Birth weight is the most important factor determining the survival, growth and development of a newborn. Parity and maternal age have been shown to increase the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes, such as intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR), low birth weight (LBW) and mortality. Objective of the study: The study was aimed at investigating the effects of maternal age and parity on the birth weight of newborns from singleton pregnancies and term deliveries. Materials and Methods: An institutional-based, retrospective, cross-sectional study design was employed at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from April to July 2018. In total, 4,590 mothers with term delivery and singleton pregnancy from June 2015 to May 2017 were included in the study. Data on gestational age (GA), parity, history of ANC follow-up, source of referral and birth weight of the child was included. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 statistical package, and multiple logistic regression was carried out to determine the effect of maternal age and parity with respect to LBW. Results: Grand multiparous women (parity ≥5) have an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 3.89 with 95% confidence interval (CI = 2.19, 6.93) compared to multiparous women (p=2-4). Nulliparous women (p=0) have an AOR of 0.23 (95%CI = 0.19, 0.38) compared to multiparous women. Primiparous women (p=1) have an AOR of 0.22 (95% CI = 0.16, 0.30) compared to multiparous women. Women aged 40 and above have an AOR of 1.96 (95% CI = 1.22, 3.20) compared to women aged 30-34. The mean birth weight (MBW) of newborns was 3,075.41±569.58 grams (mean±SD). Conclusions: In this study, the risk of LBW was higher in grand multiparous women compared to multiparous women. Primiparous and nulliparous women have less risk of having an LBW baby compared to multiparous women. A maternal age of 40 and above were associated with a higher risk of delivering an LBW newborns compared to a maternal age of 30-34. Therefore, special attention should be given to deliveries at an advanced age and multiparous cases to reduce the incidence of LBW

Malformations congénitales visibles à la maternité des Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa

Introduction: L'importance des malformations congénitales dans la morbidité et la mortalité périnatales est telle que, cette pathologie constitue un problème de santé publique. Cette étude vise à établir la cartographie des malformations congénitales visibles à la Maternité des Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa.Méthodologie:Etude transversaledescriptive, réalisée à la Maternité des Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa a été conduitede Janvier 2009 à Décembre 2011, à partir de 1513 dossiers des accouchées. Nous avons analysé les paramètres concernant les nouveau-nés portant des malformations congénitales visibles ainsi que leurs mères. Résultats: 5,1% des nouveau-nésavaient desmalformations congénitales visibles. Les malformations congénitales visibles étaient plus rencontrées chez les nouveau-nés des mères d'âges extrêmes. Le sexe masculin est plus représenté (60,8%). L'hydrocéphalie (24,1%), suivie de l'imperforation anale (17,7%), l'Omphalocele (15,2%) et le Spina bifida (8,9%) sont les malformations les plus rencontrées dans cette série. Conclusion: Cette étude montre que les malformations congénitales visiblessont un fléau à la Maternité des Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa et pousse donc àmener d'autres études pour en rechercher les causes

Effect of maternal age and birth order on foetal biometric parameters

Background: Foetal biometric parameters have been used to determine the growth pattern and viability of the foetus; how ever, some studies have suggested that the foetal development are also influenced by the age of the mother and parity (birth order). This research was therefore carried out to establish the effect of maternal age and birth order on foetal biometric parameters of Nigerians. Methods: The study was a prospective cross-sectional study, involving a total of 167 (76 male and 91 female) foetal records obtained from a semi-automated ultra-sonographic image. Four (4) biometric parameters (femur length [FL], abdominal circumference [AC], bi-parietal diameter [BPD], and head circumference [HC], were obtained from the sonographic machine while maternal (age), and birth order were determined after clinical examination and interview by the physician. XLSTAT (Addinsoft, version 2015.4.0.1) ANOVA and correlation were used to evaluate the strength of the relationship between maternal age, birth order and the measured foetal biometric parameters. P<0.05 was taken to be statistically significant at 95% confidence level. Results: The mean ± S.D values of the biometric parameters for both sexes were observed as follows; male (FL = 51.40 ± 18.41mm, AC = 245.56 ± 72.02mm, BPD = 67.74 ± 21.07mm, and HC = 230.07 ± 64.34mm) and female (FL = 50.6 ± 18.31mm, AC = 245.51 ± 67.64mm, BPD = 68.47 ± 20.34mm, HC = 235.07 ± 64.27mm and NBL = 8.04 ± 2.29mm). The mean values of the foetuses of the different birth orders were not significantly different (P>0.05). There was also no significant relationship between parity and maternal age on the foetal parameters (P>0.05). Conclusion: It could be concluded that maternal age and parity are not significant influencers of the foetal growth pattern and development

Profile of delivering mothers in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo

The aim of our study was to establish an inventory of deliveries in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo. We carried out a descriptive study in 10 General Reference Hospitals in the city from 1 December 2013 to 31 May 2014. The study reports that pregnant mothers in Lubumbashi deliver at a mean age of 28.2 years. The women have a mean parity of 3.8, they are married (97.7%), overweight (mean BMI 25.68 kg/m2) and had 2.6 antenatal care on mean. The primary mode of delivery was spontaneous vaginal delivery (91.7%). About 10% of mothers had a complication dominated by perineal or vaginal tears and haemorrhagic complications. Newborns weighed on average 3121.2 grams and 0.56% had a congenital malformation dominated by polydactyly and cleft-palate. Maternal and perinatal mortality rates were 310 per 100,000 live births and 42.4 per 1,000 live births, respectively

Institutional delivery services utilization by women of childbearing age in south west Showa zone, Oromia region

Introduction: Institutional delivery is very low in Ethiopia, particularly in Oromia where less than one-third of antenatal care attendees utilize the services. This study assessed the magnitude of institutional delivery and associated factors in South West Showa Zone of Oromia.Methods: A cross-sectional community based study was conducted in 2010. A stratified cluster sampling technique used to select study districts, villages and households. Four hundred thirty childbearing women with at least one birth in the past 5 years preceding the survey were interviewed. Qualitative study method was employed to supplement the quantitative data. Data analyses were done using SPSS v15. Frequency tables and percentages were used to describe study population. Association of independent variables with outcome variable was measured using odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was run to control for confounding variables. Results: Eighty percent (344) respondents were from rural. Mean age of the women was 28.8 (±6.6). Most (70.5%) respondents and 39% of their husbands were uneducated. A quarter of them delivered at health institutions over five years preceding the survey. In a regression model with maternal age, residence, maternal and paternal education, all were significantly associated with use of institutional delivery services. Obstetric factors have also showed a statistically significant association. The qualitative findings revealed that trust in traditional birth attendants and health workers' negative attitude were among the reasons for not delivering at health institutions. Conclusion: Institutional delivery service utilization in the zone is affected by maternal and paternal education, ANC attendance and duration of labor. Traditional beliefs and health workers' negative attitude were among the identified barriers. Multiple interventions involving community, service providers and health system are recommended

Comparison between olfactory function of pregnant women and non-pregnant women in reproductive age group in Ibadan, Nigeria

Background: Pregnant women require normal olfactory function in order to develop good appetite for healthy living and normal fetal development. This study was carried out to investigate and compare olfactory function of pregnant women with non-pregnant women. Methods: This was a case control study of women in reproductive age group at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria from July 2014 to February 2015. Consecutive 70 pregnant women and 70 non-pregnant women (controls) without rhinologic symptoms were studied. A structured questionnaire was administered to obtain participants' information on socio-demographics, pregnancy history, and ability to perceive smell. They subjectively rated their olfactory function on a visual analogue scale of 0 ­ 100. Olfactory threshold (OT), discrimination (OD), identification (OI) scores and TDI of both groups were determined with"Sniffin' sticks"kits and compared. The level of significance was P<0.05. Results: The mean age of the pregnant women was 30.5±3.9years and control was 28.5±6.6years. There were more pregnant women (7.1%) with hyposmia than the non-pregnant women (2.9%). The subjective rating of olfactory function was 68.2±24.9 (median 70) and 72.3±21.6 (median 69) in pregnant women and controls respectively. The mean OT, OD, OI, TDI scores were higher in pregnant women than the controls. However, it was only in OI (P=0.000) and TDI (P=0.012) that the differences were significant. Conclusions: Pregnant women have olfactory dysfunction more than the non-pregnant women of reproductive age group. Also, they have tendency to develop loss of cognitive olfactory information more than the non-pregnant women

Age at First Marriage and First Birth Interval in Ethiopia: Analysis of the Roles of Social and Demographic Factors

The ages at which females establish marital union and give first birth depend on and result in varying demographic features. Utilizing the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey Data; this study examined determinants of first birth interval. The analysis was made using Cox proportional hazard model and Kaplan Meier plot based on data collected from 10;240 ever-married women in the age group 15 to 49. The result shows that first marriage at early age; lower level of education; older marriage cohort; and residence in Amhara region significantly elongated first birth interval. It reveals that timings of marriage and first birth are partly governed by social factors and marriage practices of the society although modernization factors have roles to play. The findings indicate the importance of considering the context within which marriage and first birth take place to address reproductive health problems of women and speed-up the achievement of the targets set in the National Population Policy of Ethiopia

Influence de l'age et de la parite de la mere sur le poids de naissance (Cas du Centre de Sante Shungu en RDC)

OBJECTIF:Cette etude avait pour objectif d'etablir la relation entre l'age; la parite de la mere d'une part et le poids a la naissance d'autre part MeTHODOLOGIE: Une etude transversale et descriptive; a ete menee sur un echantillon de 314 couples meres - enfants au Centre de Sante Shungu en RDC durant la periode allant du 1er Janvier 2010 au 31 Decembre 2011. Notre population d'etude concerne tous les cas des accouchements a terme durant la periode de l'etude. Les donnees ont ete recueillies a l'aide d'une grille a partir des registres de la maternite. Puis elles ont ete encodees; saisies; traitees et analysees a l'aide du logiciel SPSS (version 19). ReSULTATS L'analyse a revele que le poids moyen de naissance est significativement plus bas chez les primipares que chez les multipares et chez les meres de moins de 18 ans que chez celles de plus de 18 ans. Le risque d'accoucher d'un enfant de faible poids de naissance a ete 9 fois plus eleve chez les primipares que chez les multipares et 23 fois superieures chez les meres de moins de 18 ans que chez celles de plus de 18 ans. CONCLUSION : Le faible poids de la naissance est un probleme majeur de sante publique aussi bien dans les pays en voie de developpement que dans les pays developpes. La maitrise des facteurs maternels qui ont le plus d'influence sur le poids et sur lequel on peut agir tel que l'age; la parite; et l'etat nutritionnel est d'une necessite dans la lutte contre le faible poids de naissance

Pattern of Cervical Dysplasia among Women of Reproductive Age in Zaria; Northern Nigeria

Background : Cervical cancer is a preventable and the most common female genital tract cancer despite the availability of screening services for precancerous lesions of the cervix. This study aims to determine the prevalence of cervical dysplasia in women of reproductive age in Zaria.Methodology: A prospective study of 131 women of child bearing age attending the family planning and Gynaecology clinics in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital; Zaria - Nigeria were recruited for the study after obtaining their consent. Cervical samples were collected and subjected to pap staining and cytological examination by a pathologist and classified using the Bethesda System. The data were processed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17. Bivariate analysis was done and the level of significance was set at a P 0.05.Results: Cervical dysplasia prevalence of 7.0 was found out of which High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL) was 2.3 (n

Trisomy 21; a Consequence of Advanced Maternal Age

K.M; a 1 year and 9 month old male child from Mwanza was referred from Bugando Hospital to Muhimbili National hospital for further investigations and management. He presented with gradual onset of dry recurrent cough and difficulty in breathing for 20 months and low grade recurrent fever for 9 months. His mother was 43 years and father 45 years old. On examination he was alert; febrile (38.5C); acyanotic;with up-slanting eyes; low set ears; flat nose-bridge; smallchin; short neck; pigeon chest and webbed toes. He wasmalnourished with delayed developmental milestones.A pansystolic murmur was auscultated at the lower leftsternal edge; and he had impaired speech; reduced musclebulk and muscle tone with muscle power of grade 3

Trisomy 21; a Consequence of Advanced Maternal Age

K.M; a 1 year and 9 month old male child from Mwanza was referred from Bugando Hospital to Muhimbili National hospital for further investigations and management. He presented with gradual onset of dry recurrent cough and difficulty in breathing for 20 months and low grade recurrent fever for 9 months. His mother was 43 years and father 45 years old. On examination he was alert; febrile (38.5oC); acyanotic; with up-slanting eyes; low set ears; flat nose-bridge; small chin; short neck; pigeon chest and webbed toes. He was malnourished with delayed developmental milestones. A pansystolic murmur was auscultated at the lower left sternal edge; and he had impaired speech; reduced muscle bulk and muscle tone with muscle power of grade 3

Trisomy 21; a Consequence of Advanced Maternal Age

K.M; a 1 year and 9 month old male child from Mwanza was referred from Bugando Hospital to Muhimbili National hospital for further investigations and management. He presented with gradual onset of dry recurrent cough and difficulty in breathing for 20 months and low grade recurrent fever for 9 months. His mother was 43 years and father 45 years old. On examination he was alert; febrile (38.5C); acyanotic;with up-slanting eyes; low set ears; flat nose-bridge; smallchin; short neck; pigeon chest and webbed toes. He wasmalnourished with delayed developmental milestones.A pansystolic murmur was auscultated at the lower leftsternal edge; and he had impaired speech; reduced musclebulk and muscle tone with muscle power of grade 3

Twin Delivery: Comparison of Incidence and Foetal Outcome in Two Health Institutions in Benin City; Nigeria

Background: The incidence of twin delivery in Nigeria may have changed; in view of the worldwide increase in the rates of twinning attributed to increasing maternal age and use of fertility therapies. Objective: To determine the current incidence of twin delivery in Benin City and document the foetal outcome in twins. Methods: A four-year descriptive (cross-sectional) study of twin deliveries in a Nigerian mission hospital was conducted. The foetal outcome in 115 sets of twin was compared with that of 230 singleton controls. Results: The current incidence of twin delivery was 25.3 per 1000 deliveries or one in 40 births; representing a reduction by 24.2. Sex ratio was 0.98 : 1 in favour of females. Seasonal variation was observed in the incidence of twin delivery with a significantly higher incidence in wet than in dry season p